Fall of Mughal Empire

During 1690 the GDP of INDIA was $ 91 Billion. The total GDP of world was $ 310 billion. This was the decline of Indian economy. Aurangzeb (6th Mughal ) spent all his military power and kingdom’s money on Deccan war. Aurangzeb spent all countries treasure to win the Deccan and continuously carried this fight for 27 years. Aurangzeb destroyed the Indian economy because of his fundamentalist dream to run the India on the basis of Muslim sharia law.

In 1700, the India’s market share was 25 %, which was lowest from the reign of Shah Jahan(5th Mughal king) and because of Aurangzeb’s greed and Islamic practices the economy of India declined.  

Till 1680, India's economy was the biggest economy in the world followed by China. 

The GDP was double of Europe's GDP. 

But Mughals did not spend any of this money on making college, creating science, developing mathematics, no technology and kept on living for wine,women and opium. 

Imagine how much Aurangzeb would have got from his ancestors before starting the war at Deccan.  Aurangzeb was not a cruel King, he was confused and failure King. 

                                               
                                                        

War among Siya, Sunni and Saiyaids

First of all there was a fight for the thrown of Hindustan among Sunnis, Saiyids and Shiah (different casts in Islam) just after the death of Aurangzeb.

Later two invasions from Nadir Shah and Ahmed khan abdali destroyed the mogul empire. The descendants of Moguls were so week that they did not even  fight against these two invasions and left the Hindustan getting looted by these two invaders.

This brought dissatisfaction in the provinces of Hindustan. So Sikh, Maratha and Rajput (different warrior clans of Hindustan) all aimed at independence.

The dominions of Akbar had now indeed fallen into a pitiable state in just fifty years. The rule of two hundred years was about to finish in just fifty years because mogul descendants were week & lazy and all Hindu kings get united against the fundamentalist Muslim rule.  The cost of running court was higher then revenue and Mughals could not maintain army. Hindu bankers stopped lending money to Muslim rulers. These were the four major reasons of fall of Mogul empire.

1761 – Battle of Panipat  

1761 - Battle of Panipat - Hindu armies defeated the Muslim armies

All Hindu kings started getting closer to each other to remove away the Fundamentalist Muslim rule from India and their target was to rule independently their provinces. Still their aim was not the one India. Mogul empire was week and other casts of Islam were also trying to capture the throne of Hindustan.

Saiyids, Shiah and Sunnis made one front and the opposite front were Maratha, Rajput, Jat and Sikh.

This battle was furious, the first disaster which swept the land of Hindustan for the advent of British.

 All provinces became free and Mogul empire remained only in the Red fort of Delhi. Muslim kings were repressed strongly. Muslim kings got the major damage and lost their army and money.

Rajput and Sikh rulers were happy ruling there own provinces (ancestor land). But Maratha had planned to win the Red fort of Delhi too.

1771 –

East India company

The English also became arbiter of future of the eastern provinces of Bihar and Bengal. 

Jat ruler,(son of Suraj mal) attacked on the Madho Singh, (Rajput ruler of Jaipur, son of Kachawa king Jai singh).  So Rajput also did a treaty with English.

English started intervene into politics.

In 1764, English had already purchased the land surrounding their factory and proceeded to protect it by rude fortifications.

1782 -

Sindhia of Gwalior was the first to submit to the British authorities. He was recognized as the representative chief of Marathas, the Peshwa being still minor.

Mogul King Farokhsiar also did a treaty with English due to the fear of Marathas.

Much later English started paying monthly salary of Rs sixty thousand to mogul king.

Mogul King Shah Alam became just a puppet of English.

1786

Sindhiya betrayed and threw the Peshwa into the hands of the British and their partizans.

After the battle of Panipat in 1761, a vacuum was created in the politics of Hindustan. Here English and French started finding the opportunities which hey were denied in their countries.

The idea, however that the British took the empire of Hindustan from the fundamentalist Muslim rulers is a mistake. These Mohammedan invaders were beaten down almost every where except in Bengal by united armies of Sikh, Maratha, Jat and Rajput.

But later these Hindu rulers started ruling their own provinces instead of making one United Kingdom of India. Only Marathas had a vision of united India which was not fulfilled due to the betrayal of Sindhiya of Gwalior.

Mogul empire was fallen due to the weakness of mogul descendants and united armies of Hindu kings.

English and French started turning their trade companies into ruling monarchy.